Transcript: Using the Yocto BSP tools to create a qemu BSP
Here's a cut-and-paste shell session showing how to have the Yocto BSP tools create a new BSP from scratch. It starts with a fresh git checkout, then invokes yocto-bsp to create a new qemu-based ARM BSP, and finally builds a sato image and boots into a sato desktop in a qemu session (commands also shown for that).
Once you've successfully followed the steps in this transcript, you can use the result along with the 'yocto-kernel' BSP tool to add, remove, and list Yocto kernel patches and config items by following the steps outlined in the companion transcript Transcript: Using the Yocto BSP tools to manage kernel patches and config items
NOTE: this transcript was from a build done on a Ubuntu 11.10 system. Please see the 'Yocto Project Quickstart' for the packages required to be installed on the host system for building [1]
One thing to note with this example is that I'm checking out from poky/master.
trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev$ mkdir Yocto trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev$ cd Yocto/ trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto$ git init Initialized empty Git repository in /usr/local/dev/Yocto/.git/ trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto$ git remote add yocto git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky.git trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto$ git remote update Fetching yocto remote: Counting objects: 154283, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (42482/42482), done. remote: Total 154283 (delta 109346), reused 152606 (delta 108055) Receiving objects: 100% (154283/154283), 78.80 MiB | 80 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (109346/109346), done. From git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky * [new branch] 1.1_M1 -> yocto/1.1_M1 * [new branch] 1.1_M2 -> yocto/1.1_M2 * [new branch] 1.1_M3 -> yocto/1.1_M3 * [new branch] 1.1_M4 -> yocto/1.1_M4 * [new branch] 1.2_M1 -> yocto/1.2_M1 * [new branch] 1.2_M2 -> yocto/1.2_M2 * [new branch] 1.2_M3 -> yocto/1.2_M3 * [new branch] 1.2_M4 -> yocto/1.2_M4 * [new branch] 1.3_M1 -> yocto/1.3_M1 * [new branch] 1.3_M2 -> yocto/1.3_M2 * [new branch] bernard -> yocto/bernard * [new branch] blinky -> yocto/blinky * [new branch] clyde -> yocto/clyde * [new branch] denzil -> yocto/denzil * [new branch] edison -> yocto/edison * [new branch] elroy -> yocto/elroy * [new branch] green -> yocto/green * [new branch] laverne -> yocto/laverne * [new branch] master -> yocto/master * [new branch] master-next -> yocto/master-next * [new branch] pinky -> yocto/pinky * [new branch] purple -> yocto/purple * [new tag] 1.1_M1.final -> 1.1_M1.final * [new tag] 1.1_M2.final -> 1.1_M2.final * [new tag] 1.1_M2.rc3 -> 1.1_M2.rc3 * [new tag] 1.1_M3.final -> 1.1_M3.final * [new tag] 1.1_M3.rc3 -> 1.1_M3.rc3 * [new tag] 1.2_M1.final -> 1.2_M1.final * [new tag] 1.2_M1.rc2 -> 1.2_M1.rc2 * [new tag] 1.2_M2.final -> 1.2_M2.final * [new tag] 1.2_M2.rc1 -> 1.2_M2.rc1 * [new tag] 1.2_M3.final -> 1.2_M3.final * [new tag] 1.2_M3.rc1 -> 1.2_M3.rc1 * [new tag] 1.3_M1.final -> 1.3_M1.final * [new tag] 1.3_M1.rc1 -> 1.3_M1.rc1 * [new tag] 1.3_M2.final -> 1.3_M2.final * [new tag] bernard-5.0.2+docs -> bernard-5.0.2+docs * [new tag] denzil-7.0.1 -> denzil-7.0.1 * [new tag] denzil-7.0.1_rc2 -> denzil-7.0.1_rc2 * [new tag] edison-6.0.2 -> edison-6.0.2 * [new tag] edison-6.0.2_rc1 -> edison-6.0.2_rc1 * [new tag] pinky-3.1.2 -> pinky-3.1.2
Now that we've cloned the Yocto repo, we need to source the environment in order to create or build a BSP:
trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto$ git checkout -b master0 yocto/master
Branch master0 set up to track remote branch master from yocto.
Switched to a new branch 'master0'
trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto$ source oe-init-build-env
You had no conf/local.conf file. This configuration file has therefore been
created for you with some default values. You may wish to edit it to use a
different MACHINE (target hardware) or enable parallel build options to take
advantage of multiple cores for example. See the file for more information as
common configuration options are commented.
The Yocto Project has extensive documentation about OE including a reference manual
which can be found at:
http://yoctoproject.org/documentation
For more information about OpenEmbedded see their website:
http://www.openembedded.org/
You had no conf/bblayers.conf file. The configuration file has been created for
you with some default values. To add additional metadata layers into your
configuration please add entries to this file.
The Yocto Project has extensive documentation about OE including a reference manual
which can be found at:
http://yoctoproject.org/documentation
For more information about OpenEmbedded see their website:
http://www.openembedded.org/
### Shell environment set up for builds. ###
You can now run 'bitbake <target>'
Common targets are:
core-image-minimal
core-image-sato
meta-toolchain
meta-toolchain-sdk
adt-installer
meta-ide-support
You can also run generated qemu images with a command like 'runqemu qemux86'
We're now ready to generate a BSP using the 'yocto-bsp' tool. The 'yocto-bsp' tool will step through a series of questions about how the new BSP should be configured. The Yocto BSP tools all have extensive help and usage screens built in, which can be easily displayed at any time to remind yourself of the command syntax and descriptions of what the commands and sub-commands do. The tools have a git-like interface, meaning that there's a top-level command which essentially invokes multiple lower-level subcommands.
To display help for a top-level command, simply invoke the command without any parameters:
trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto/build$ yocto-bsp
Usage:
Create a customized Yocto BSP layer.
usage: yocto-bsp [--version] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
The most commonly used 'yocto-bsp' commands are:
create Create a new Yocto BSP
list List available values for options and BSP properties
See 'yocto-bsp help COMMAND' for more information on a specific command.
Options:
--version show program's version number and exit
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-D, --debug output debug information
In order to create a new BSP, we'll want to use the 'yocto-bsp create' command.
To display usage help for a sub-command like 'yocto-bsp create', simply invoke it without any parameters:
trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto/build$ yocto-bsp create
Usage:
Create a new Yocto BSP
usage: yocto-bsp create <bsp-name> <karch> [-o <DIRNAME> | --outdir <DIRNAME>]
[-i <JSON PROPERTY FILE> | --infile <JSON PROPERTY_FILE>]
This command creates a Yocto BSP based on the specified parameters.
The new BSP will be a new Yocto BSP layer contained by default within
the top-level directory specified as 'meta-bsp-name'. The -o option
can be used to place the BSP layer in a directory with a different
name and location.
The value of the 'karch' parameter determines the set of files that
will be generated for the BSP, along with the specific set of
'properties' that will be used to fill out the BSP-specific portions
of the BSP. The possible values for the 'karch' paramter can be
listed via 'yocto-bsp list karch'.
Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-o OUTDIR, --outdir=OUTDIR
name of BSP dir to create
-i PROPERTIES_FILE, --infile=PROPERTIES_FILE
name of file containing the values for BSP properties
as a JSON file
-c, --codedump dump the generated code to bspgen.out
You can also get more extensive help for a sub-command by adding 'help' before the sub-command name:
trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto/build$ yocto-bsp help create
NAME
yocto-bsp create - Create a new Yocto BSP
SYNOPSIS
yocto-bsp create <bsp-name> <karch> [-o <DIRNAME> | --outdir <DIRNAME>]
[-i <JSON PROPERTY FILE> | --infile <JSON PROPERTY_FILE>]
DESCRIPTION
This command creates a Yocto BSP based on the specified
parameters. The new BSP will be a new Yocto BSP layer contained
by default within the top-level directory specified as
'meta-bsp-name'. The -o option can be used to place the BSP layer
in a directory with a different name and location.
The value of the 'karch' parameter determines the set of files
that will be generated for the BSP, along with the specific set of
'properties' that will be used to fill out the BSP-specific
portions of the BSP. The possible values for the 'karch' paramter
can be listed via 'yocto-bsp list karch'.
The BSP-specific properties that define the values that will be
used to generate a particular BSP can be specified on the
command-line using the -i option and supplying a JSON object
consisting of the set of name:value pairs needed by the BSP.
If the -i option is not used, the user will be interactively
prompted for each of the required property values, which will then
be used as values for BSP generation.
The set of properties available for a given architecture can be
listed using the 'yocto-bsp list' command.
Specifying -c causes the Python code generated and executed to
create the BSP to be dumped to the 'bspgen.out' file in the
current directory, and is useful for debugging.
NOTE: Once created, you should add your new layer to your
bblayers.conf file in order for it to be subsquently seen and
modified by the yocto-kernel tool.
NOTE for x86- and x86_64-based BSPs: The generated BSP assumes the
presence of the of the meta-intel layer, so you should also have a
meta-intel layer present and added to your bblayers.conf as well.
The other sub-command of 'yocto-bsp' is 'yocto-bsp list', which we can use to list all of the architectures we can create a BSP for:
trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto/build$ yocto-bsp list karch Architectures available: arm powerpc i386 mips x86_64 qemu
For this BSP, we'll choose the 'qemu' architecture.
To create the BSP we'll invoke 'yocto-bsp create', but first let's change directories out of the 'build' directory (we could stay there, or use the -o option to generate the BSP somewhere else, but for this example we'll just cd into the Yocto dir and generate our BSP there).
We'll call our machine 'myqemuarm'; 'yocto-bsp create' will create our BSP layer in meta-myqemuarm in the current directory:
trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto/build$ cd .. trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto$ yocto-bsp create myqemuarm qemu Which qemu architecture would you like to use? [default: i386] 1) i386 (32-bit) 2) x86_64 (64-bit) 3) ARM (32-bit) 4) PowerPC (32-bit) 5) MIPS (32-bit)
For the 'qemu' architecture, we're given the choice of actual machine architecture. For this BSP, we'll choose ARM by typing in the number in the list labeled as 'ARM':
3 Would you like to use the default (3.4) kernel? (y/n) [default: y]
We're then asked whether we'd like to use the default kernel. If we type 'n' here, we're given a choice of kernels to use. For this BSP, we'll just take the default 3.4 kernel.
Do you need a new machine branch for this BSP (the alternative is to re-use an existing branch)? [y/n] [default: y]
For whichever kernel we choose, we're also asked whether we want the BSP to be associated with a machine branch dedicated to it and it alone. This would make sense if you plan to add machine-specific patches to your BSP. If not, it's more economical to just re-use a more generic branch and not worry about maintaining your own branch.
Note that regardless of which you choose, you can always add and modify BSP-specific kernel config items; that ability has nothing to do with the machine branches (unless of course you're talking about config items that would only exist if you added a corresponding kernel patch for them).
In the case of this BSP, we can reuse an existing branch that already has everything we need, so we'll answer 'n'.
Once we've done that, we're presented with a list of branches we can base the BSP on. For this BSP, we'll just choose the default:
Getting branches from remote repo git://git.yoctoproject.org/linux-yocto-3.4.git... Please choose a machine branch to base your new BSP branch on: [default: standard/arm-versatile-926ejs] 1) standard/arm-versatile-926ejs 2) standard/base 3) standard/beagleboard 4) standard/cedartrail 5) standard/crownbay 6) standard/emenlow 7) standard/fishriver 8) standard/fri2 9) standard/fsl-mpc8315e-rdb 10) standard/mti-malta32 11) standard/mti-malta64 12) standard/qemuppc 13) standard/routerstationpro 14) standard/sys940x
The rest of the values are straightforward, and for those we'll just take the defaults as well:
Do you need SMP support? (y/n) [default: y] Does your BSP have a touchscreen? (y/n) [default: n] Does your BSP have a keyboard? (y/n) [default: y] New qemu BSP created in meta-myqemuarm
The message states that a new BSP was created for us, and indeed it appears in our directory listing:
trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto$ ls -al total 396 drwxrwxr-x 15 trz trz 4096 2012-08-09 00:33 . drwxr-xr-x 42 trz trz 4096 2012-08-08 11:06 .. drwxrwxr-x 6 trz trz 4096 2012-08-06 16:54 bitbake drwxrwxr-x 9 trz trz 4096 2012-08-09 00:33 build drwxrwxr-x 10 trz trz 4096 2012-08-06 16:54 documentation drwxrwxr-x 8 trz trz 4096 2012-08-08 15:30 .git -rw-rw-r-- 1 trz trz 156 2012-08-06 16:54 .gitignore -rw-rw-r-- 1 trz trz 545 2012-08-06 16:54 LICENSE drwxrwxr-x 20 trz trz 4096 2012-08-06 16:54 meta drwxrwxr-x 4 trz trz 4096 2012-08-06 16:54 meta-hob drwxrwxr-x 17 trz trz 4096 2012-08-06 16:54 meta-intel drwxrwxr-x 8 trz trz 4096 2012-08-09 00:34 meta-myqemuarm drwxrwxr-x 5 trz trz 4096 2012-08-06 16:54 meta-skeleton drwxrwxr-x 9 trz trz 4096 2012-08-06 16:54 meta-yocto -rwxrwxr-x 1 trz trz 1531 2012-08-06 16:54 oe-init-build-env drwxrwxr-x 5 trz trz 4096 2012-08-06 16:54 poky-extras -rw-rw-r-- 1 trz trz 1365 2012-08-06 16:54 README -rw-rw-r-- 1 trz trz 17245 2012-08-06 16:54 README.hardware drwxrwxr-x 8 trz trz 4096 2012-08-06 16:54 scripts
In order to build or use the other Yocto BSP tools such as 'yocto-kernel', you need to add the new BSP layer to BBLAYERS in bblayers.conf:
trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto$ emacs -nw build/conf/bblayers.conf
Change:
BBLAYERS ?= " \ /usr/local/dev/Yocto/meta \ /usr/local/dev/Yocto/meta-yocto \ "
To:
BBLAYERS ?= " \ /usr/local/dev/Yocto/meta \ /usr/local/dev/Yocto/meta-yocto \ /usr/local/dev/Yocto/meta-myqemuarm \ "
You also need to edit local.conf set MACHINE to your new machine:
trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto$ emacs -nw build/conf/local.conf
Change:
# This sets the default machine to be qemux86 if no other machine is selected: MACHINE ??= "qemux86"
To:
# This sets the default machine to be qemux86 if no other machine is selected: MACHINE ??= "qemux86"
MACHINE ??= "myqemuarm"
You should also change anything else you need to in local.conf, such as BB_NUMER_THREADS values, etc. Once you've done that, you should be able to build and boot the sato image:
trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto$ cd build trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto/build$ bitbake core-image-sato Parsing recipes: 100% |##############################################################################################| Time: 00:00:21 Parsing of 835 .bb files complete (0 cached, 835 parsed). 1134 targets, 42 skipped, 0 masked, 0 errors. Build Configuration: BB_VERSION = "1.15.3" TARGET_ARCH = "arm" TARGET_OS = "linux-gnueabi" MACHINE = "myqemuarm" DISTRO = "poky" DISTRO_VERSION = "1.2+snapshot-20120809" TUNE_FEATURES = "armv5 dsp thumb arm926ejs" TARGET_FPU = "soft" meta meta-yocto meta-myqemuarm = "master0:950dc77c33f9e6645e13196e9e28b82dfc72b2bb"
NOTE: Running task 5314 of 5315 (ID: 7, /usr/local/dev/Yocto/meta/recipes-sato/images/core-image-sato.bb, do_rootfs) NOTE: package core-image-sato-1.0-r0: task do_rootfs: Started NOTE: package core-image-sato-1.0-r0: task do_rootfs: Succeeded NOTE: Running noexec task 5315 of 5315 (ID: 10, /usr/local/dev/Yocto/meta/recipes-sato/images/core-image-sato.bb, do_build) NOTE: Tasks Summary: Attempted 5315 tasks of which 1017 didn't need to be rerun and all succeeded.
Summary: There were 16 WARNING messages shown.
We had a successful build, and can now boot into a sato desktop:
trz@elmorro:/usr/local/dev/Yocto/build$ runqemu qemuarm tmp/deploy/images/zImage-myqemuarm.bin tmp/deploy/images/core-image-sato-myqemuarm.ext3 Continuing with the following parameters: KERNEL: [tmp/deploy/images/zImage-myqemuarm.bin] ROOTFS: [tmp/deploy/images/core-image-sato-myqemuarm.ext3] FSTYPE: [ext3] Setting up tap interface under sudo Acquiring lockfile for tap0... Starting distccd... Running qemu-system-arm... /usr/local/dev/Yocto/build/tmp/sysroots/x86_64-linux/usr/bin/qemu-system-arm -kernel tmp/deploy/images/zImage-myqemuarm.bin -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no -M versatilepb -hda tmp/deploy/images/core-image-sato-myqemuarm.ext3 -no-reboot -show-cursor -usb -usbdevice wacom-tablet -no-reboot -m 128 --append "root=/dev/sda rw console=ttyAMA0,115200 console=tty ip=192.168.7.2::192.168.7.1:255.255.255.0 mem=128M highres=off "
